| Case | Answer |
|---|---|
1.1.1 |
|
| If, during the match, a player finds a dangerous object under the sand, must the referee stop the game and allow the court to be checked before play is resumed? |
Yes, the safety of the players should always prevail. 1.2.1 1.2.3 D1a D1b D2 |
1.1.2 |
|
| Is the referee allowed to delay a match if any metal anchors are used in the corners of the court, and metal wires secure the post and the net? |
Yes. During pre-match inspection he/ she should always consider the safety of the players. 1.2.1 1.2.3 1.3.2 D1a D1b D2 |
1.1.3 |
|
| If a player, during play, pulled a court line so that one of the anchors came loose, should the referee stop the play? |
Yes, the 1st Referee should immediately whistle and call a replay because the court does not comply with Rule 1.1.1. - all items should be fixed before play is resumed. 1.1.1 |
1.1.4 |
|
| A player injures himself by contact with an anchor, so that he is unable to continue playing. What should the referee have done in advance to prevent the situation in the first place? |
The referees in their pre-match inspection of the court should have found this potential danger to the players and should have resolved the problem. 1.2.1 1.3.2 |
1.1.5 |
|
| Is it allowed for a captain to complain to the first referee that the court should be correctly raked and levelled to prevent danger to both teams? |
Yes, the captain has the right to ask the referee. The referee should initially verify the accuracy of the team’s request, allowing the raking to take place, if the inspection reveals that the captain’s complaint is justified. 1.2.1 |
1.1.6 |
|
| A player who is going to serve is standing between signage that is not completely surrounding the court. Can the referee authorize the service, while the player is standing outside the line of signage? |
No, the 1st Referee must not authorise service but should insist that the player moves inside the line of the signage. 1.1.1 1.1.2 |
1.1.7 |
|
| During heavy rain, both captains request the 1st Referee to stop play. What should the referee do? |
In Beach Volleyball, the decision to stop playing is made by the Tournament Organising Committee. Only if they are unavailable and the referee foresees a significant danger to the players from lightning, or sudden wind gusts, can he/ she stop play and ask the players to go to their benches. 22.2.3 22.2.5 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
1.1.8 |
|
| A captain, after the 1st Referee declines his request to water the courts before the match, later takes a watering hose by himself and starts watering the court on his side. What should be the reaction of the 1st Referee? |
At first the 1st Referee could have asked for the Technical Delegate to make a decision before the match. During the match any watering of the court can be dealt with by the referee within the time between sets / timeout / Technical Timeout, but it should be conducted so as not to delay the match, and should benefit both teams equally. The player should be sanctioned (assuming no prior delay sanctions) initially for ignoring the requests of the referees (Delay Warning) and then subsequently for delaying the match by watering the court (Delay Penalty). 18.2.2 18.2.3 22.2.3 22.2.5 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
1.1.9 |
|
| Can a captain protest to the 1st Referee about the heat of the sand during the game, and does the 1st Referee have to accept such a protest? |
The 1st Referee should have done his/ her utmost to prevent the need for a Protest Protocol in such a situation. He should have assessed the sand conditions making his own judgment about the playing conditions. If he and the team agree that the playing conditions are too difficult, he should ask the TS to authorize a short interruption for watering the court. 1.1 1.3 5.1.2 5.1.2.2 |
1.2.1 |
|
| Can a captain, during the warm up, ask the referee to verify the net height and tension? |
Yes, he can ask and the referees should quickly check the net again. 22.2.5 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
1.2.2 |
|
| What should a referee do, if a captain, during a match, tells him that the net is too low, and requests him to check the net? |
The referees should check the net, ask the court manager to correct it, if necessary, and continue the match. 22.2.5 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
1.2.3 |
|
| If a 1st Referee is wired up with TV microphones and earpieces, and it would delay the game if he should come down from his chair to conduct the toss between the 2nd and 3rd set, can this toss be conducted by the 2d referee? |
Yes, the 2nd Referee can conduct the 3rd set coin toss. The 1st referee should explain the situation at the first coin toss, and ask the relevant Technical Delegate for his permission to authorize it. 7.1 22.3.1.2 23.2.9 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
1.3.1 |
|
| If, at a tournament, 10 playing courts are used, and if there is a lack of balls and auxiliary officials, can the 1-ball system be used on some courts? |
Yes, with the permission of the Tournament Technical Delegate and with a clear explanation to the players involved about what to do with the ball in between rallies. 3.3 |
1.3.2 |
|
| If in a Tournament the temperature is very high, is a captain in that case allowed to ask the 1st Referee to check the ball pressure? |
Yes, the 1st Referee should request that the 2nd Referee checks the ball, because if the ball is exposed to direct sunlight for long periods, it would significantly alter its pressure. 1.5 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
1.3.3 |
|
| What should a referee do if the ball is getting wet during play? |
Referees must ensure that the ball does not get very wet or moist, thus altering its pressure and weight. So, a second set of balls should be available for each set. 3.1 3.2 |
1.3.4 |
|
| If, during a match the 2nd Referee notices that 5 match balls are being used, what should be his/her reaction? |
It is clearly the 2nd Referee’s responsibility to oversee the process of utilization of match balls. The 2nd Referee should: 1) initially check that four match balls are ready to be used at the start of the match; 2) always ensure that a minimum of 1 suitable reserve ball is available, so he/she should take 1 match ball back on to the table. 3.3 |
2.1.1 |
|
| What should a 1st Referee do, if he/she sees that a team is delaying the game by not immediately returning to the court because the players are talking to their coach, who is outside the free zone? |
The 1st Referee should sanction the team with a delay warning or penalty (as appropriate). He should also request the Technical Delegate to come to the side of the court to investigate the issue of coaching. 4.1.4 |
2.1.2 |
|
| If a captain asks the referee to pay attention to the fact that the other team is being coached, what should be the action of the 1st Referee? |
The 1st Referee should request that the Technical Delegate come to the side of the court. 4.1.4 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
2.2.1 |
|
| Is a player allowed to play wearing a ring containing a sharp diamond? |
No, the player must remove the ring, or have it taped to prevent any potential injury caused by the sharp diamond. 4.5 |
2.2.2 |
|
| If the 1st Referee notices that both teams are wearing the same coloured playing uniforms, what should he/she do? |
The referee should try to get a solution by talking to both team captains and if necessary, conduct a coin toss. If the problem is not solved, he should inform the Technical Delegate. 4. 4 |
2.2.3 |
|
| If the 1st Referee is asked by a player if he can play with u n d e r -shorts due to a medical injury, is the 1st referee allowed to permit this? |
It is not necessary to ask for the 1st referee’s approval to play with under-shorts. According to new regulations about player's uniforms, players are free to use long sleeve/leggings at their preference, with the partners not being obliged to the same. No additional provisions including min temperate etc. shall be set as pre-conditions. Athletes of same team are not obliged to wear long sleeve/leggings at the same match. However, if both athletes of the same team choose to wear long sleeve/leggings at the same match, then the uniform shall be of the same style and colour. 4.4.3 |
2.2.4 |
|
| If a player’s shorts accidentally become badly torn during the match, is it permitted for the 1st Referee to allow the player to replace the shorts with a matching pair, without significant delay to the match. |
Yes, the 1st Referee is allowed to do this. The teams would not be charged a time out or delay sanction. 4.4.2 |
2.2.5 |
|
| Is it allowed to play wearing a watch? |
Yes, players can play wearing a watch. 4.5.1 Decision of the FIVB |
2.2.6 |
|
| Can a player play with sand socks? |
Yes, upon request to the 1st Referee the players are allowed to wear footwear of various types including socks, rubber booties or shoes. 4.3.2 4.4.1 Ref Guidelines and Instructions |
2.2.7 |
|
| What should a referee do, if he/she finds out that 2 players are wearing numbers not corresponding to the ones on the score sheet? |
He should let this be corrected by changing quickly one or a combination of the uniforms. No penalty shall apply. The score remains the same and the respective serving team will recommence the match. 4.4 |
2.3.1 |
|
| Can a captain ask the 1st Referee to request that the Line Judge repeats his signal? |
Yes, the captain may request to speak to the 1st Referee and then may request an explanation of the interpretation of the call. The referee must respond to the request and the line judge may be asked to repeat the flag signal. 5.1.2.1 |
2.3.2 |
|
| If a clear misinterpretation of the rules by the 1st Referee occurs, can the captain ask for an explanation of the decision of the referee? |
Yes, the 1st Referee should repeat and explain the decision to the captain using the official hand signals, if appropriate. If the captain does not accept this explanation, he/she may state his intention to protest under the Protest Protocol regulations. The 1st Referee must determine whether the request satisfies the criteria for a protest and, if so, does not have the right to refuse the team’s protest and must institute the Protocol and call the Referee Coach. 5.1.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
2.3.3 |
|
| What should the referee do, if he/she wants to initiate a Ball Mark Protocol and the player wipes away the ball mark? |
The 1st Referee is not able to decide if the ball is in or out. He should sanction the player involved immediately under the Misconduct scale (red card). 20.2.1 20.3.1 |
2.3.4 |
|
| What should the 1st Referee do, if a player, after his/her decision (“in” or “out”), re-aligns the line that he previously moved in his playing action? |
If the referee thinks that the player is trying to cover up a fault, he can give the player the relevant warning/sanction. 20.1 20.2 |
2.3.5 |
|
| What should be the reaction of the 1st Referee if a captain questions the referee’s ability to make decisions and his/her neutrality? |
A referee should always answer all questions in a professional manner and show good judgment as to what behavior is or is not acceptable. The 1st Referee should not allow such behavior. The referee should, where possible, utilise verbal warnings, followed by a formal warning (yellow card), and then as appropriate consider the use of misconduct penalties. 20.1 20.2 20.3 |
2.3.6 |
|
| If a team captain walks away from the court directly after the match and does not sign the score sheet, what should the 1st referee do to complete the score sheet? |
To complete the score sheet the 1st Referee must note this fact at the Remarks Section of the score sheet before addressing the issue to the Referee Coach. 5.1.3.1 Score sheet Instructions |
3.1.1 |
|
| What procedures should the 1st Referee follow to record on the score sheet a default based on a medical injury that happens before the start of the match? |
Both referees should make sure that the score sheet is completed with all the details required, noting the cause of this default in the remarks section of the score sheet. It is not necessary to conduct a coin toss, or warm up period. Both teams should sign the score sheet verifying the result. The 1st Referee must call the official medical staff to the court and inform all players, relevant Technical Delegate(s), tournament organisers and officials of the situation regarding the default. The 1st Referee remains in overall control of the recording of the default proceedings on the score sheet. 6.4 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
3.1.2 |
|
| What action should a referee take to confirm the service order of the teams in the 2nd set? |
The referee should: 1) initially ask the team that lost the coin toss before the 1st set for its decision. 2) ask the other team for its decision based on the remaining alternatives. These two steps should determine the team to serve and the respective sides of the court. 3) additionally, the referees should determine the teams’ service order. 7.6 |
4.1.1 |
|
| After winning the coin toss, can a captain ask to return to the court to determine which side to choose? |
This is acceptable as long as the decision is made quickly and allows the scorer enough time to be ready to commence the match at the end of the official warm up period. 7.1 |
4.1.2 |
|
| Can a player ask the 1st Referee for permission to go to the toilet / bathroom, at the end of the official warm up? |
Yes; however, if a player delays the normal sequence of the game while using the toilets, a medical time- out will be assigned to this team/player. Upon a request by a player to use the toilets, his/her team must be advised that the 1st Referee will start the counting of a medical time-out to be assigned to the relevant player once the time before the start of the match, or the duration of the regular stoppage (TO, TTO, interval, 12” between rallies), has been exhausted. Unless a reserve referee is involved in the game, the 2nd Referee must always accompany the player while the 1st Referee will supervise the situation close to the scorer’s table. 17.1.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
4.1.3 |
|
| When the warm up courts are aligned in a different direction when compared to than the playing court, are the players allowed to ask for a formal 5 minutes warm up instead of the regular 3 minutes? |
This should have been decided by the Organising Committee and communicated by the Technical Delegate to all parties before the start of the competition. However, if this not the case, the referee should accept this request as there is a substantial difference in the conditions from the match court and the warm up court. Players should be allowed time to utilise the match court in order to acclimatize to the new conditions. 7.2 |
4.2.1 |
|
| If the scorer finds out before the start of the 1st set, that the service order is different from what the score sheet indicates, what should he/she do? |
The scorer should immediately draw the referee’s attention to the fact that the score sheet states another service order. Initially the referees must check the score sheet to determine its correctness. If there is any possibility of an error in the communication or recording of the service order, this should be corrected and the relevant player should be allowed to serve. A referee should generally accept the decision of the players as it does not change the nature of the match substantially and no comparative advantage is gained. 7.3 7.7 |
5.1.1 |
|
| How should both referees signal the following situation? During a match the ball is disputed at the net with a series of quick play actions. It is unclear who touches the ball last. After these actions the ball lands outside the sideline near the 2nd Referee. |
The 2nd Referee should initially and very obviously move into the side of the team committing the fault and using private signals indicate ball in or out (to assist the 1st referee only). The 1st Referee should observe the line judge and 2nd Referee’s signal(s) and then signal the team to serve, the nature of the fault and, if necessary, the player at fault. If the 1st Referee decides that the contact was simultaneous, then the result should be “ball out”, and the fault is against the team on the opposite side of the net from where the ball landed. The 1st Referee can indicate the player who last touched the ball in a decisive manner. However, referees must distinguish between simultaneous and “wipe off” actions. 9.1.2.2 21.2.3.1 |
5.1.2 |
|
| If a ball falls outside a boundary line, and the line is not hit, but moves due to the impact of the ball with the sand, should the 1st Referee call this ball as “in“? |
The referee should call this ball “out”. The line moving, although it was not contacted, is very common due to the nature of the court surface and lines. The referee should be able to give the players a precise and correct definition of ball “in” clarifying any misinterpretation. Referees should be aware that the ball may land out, but has struck the line, which is in a raised position, on the way out of court. In this case, since the ball contacts the line, it must be called “in”. 8.3 |
5.1.3 |
|
| When a ball lands near the line, and the 2nd Referee gives a signal to the 1st Referee which is different from the line judge signal, what will be the proper action by the 1st Referee? |
Ideally the 2nd Referee must not assist with a different signal from the line judge unless he/she is 100% sure, and that being the case, then the 1st Referee should follow the 2nd Referee indication. However, the 1st Referee should actually, in sequence: 1) whistle immediately, then 2) take in all the information from the other officials, then 3) decide, based on what he / she has seen him/herself 4) take responsibility for that decision. 8.3 8.4 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.1.4 |
|
| A ball comes very close to a line. The line judge signals “out”, yet both referees believe that the ball touched the line. How should both referees deal with this situation? V0 |
The 2nd Referee should indicate ball “in” (to assist the 1st Referee only). The 1st Referee must overrule the line judge (signaling the ball as “in”). 8.3 |
5.1.5 |
|
| What should the referee do if the relevant court line was displaced when the ball landed? |
The Beach Volleyball court lines are not fixed and despite the court measurements being checked before the match, they may move during the game. In line with the above, the 1st Referee should take the court as given, the same exact way the players do before they send the ball over to the opponent’s court. The only exception to this would be if the line would have been displaced at the very last stages of the play after the ball had been touched last. In this case, the 1st Referee should reposition the line into its standard position, and if the ball mark would be available and fully reliable, then make a decision based on it. Otherwise, the rally should be replayed. 8.3 8.4 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.1.6 |
|
| When a ball crosses the net during service and is blown back, due to strong wind, under the net, coming back on to the sand on the server’s side, what will be the call by the 1st Referee? |
This is a very unusual circumstance. The receiving team did, however, have the opportunity to play the ball while it was in the space above its playing court, the ball having legally travelled through the crossing space. Therefore, the point should be awarded to the team of the server. 10.1.1 12.6.2.1 |
5.1.7 |
|
| A team passes the ball partly over the antenna to the opponent court on the side of the 2nd Referee. Must the 2nd Referee whistle? |
Yes, a 2nd Referee has within his/her authority the right and obligation to whistle and signal this fault if this occurs on his/her side of the court. The line judge should at the same moment use the “wave and point” signal. Notice the difference if the pass travels from the court partly over the antenna to the opponent free zone – no whistle or signal is required here. 10.1.2 23.3.2.4 |
5.2.1 |
|
| In a match the ball is played legally by both teams above the net in a joust (extended contact with the ball by opponents), and then lands outside the court of Team L. Who now has the serve? |
The team L will serve, because after the joust and the ball goes out, the last contact was made by the team on the opposite side from where the ball touched the ground. 9.1.2.2 9.1.2.3 9.2.2.2 |
5.3.1 |
|
| A player chased the ball out of court, then took support from the score table to return the ball to his partner. The contact with the ball was over the end of the score table which was on the opponent’s side of the net. The 1st referee took no action and allowed play to continue. Did the player have the right to play the ball from this position? |
Yes. This was a very spectacular action. According to the rule text, the ball may be retrieved from over the complete length of the score table, even the part on the side of the opponent. So this was a legal play and the 1st referee was correct to allow the rally to continue. 9 |
5.3.2 |
|
| When, in a match, a ball was slightly touched by the player and the 1st referee didn’t see it, what should he/she do anyway to be sure that after this ball 2 or 3 contacts are permitted? V0 |
The referee should always have eye contact with his/her 2nd Referee and line judges, to see if they are helping with their signals before making a judgment call. 14.1.3 14.4.1 |
5.3.3 |
|
| If a referee judges a service ball as a hard driven ball, and allows the receiving player an extended contact overhand with fingers (catch), can the captain of the serving team complain to the referee? |
Yes, he/she can - the service is a specific exception to the rules that define a hard driven ball. It is illegal to receive a served ball in this way. If the player contacts the ball overhand with fingers, (i.e., setting the ball) this contact must be clean (not double contact or catch). 9.2.2 9.2.2.1 9.2.2.2 9.2.2.4 9.3.3 9.3.4 |
5.3.4 |
|
| Can a player complete a set from any possible position? V0 |
The referee must consider only the rules. The referee should not consider the player’s position prior to, during or after the set. A player can potentially complete a legal set from any position. 9.2 Refereeing Guidelines and Instructions |
5.3.5 |
|
| What should be considered as a hard driven attack ball, coming from the opponent side? V0 V1 |
The referee should consider if it is a hard driven attack as follows: 1) does the player have time to change his/ her technique? 2) the time and distance between the attack and the defensive action 3) did the speed of the ball change due to a block or hitting the net? 4) is the action offensive or defensive in nature? 9.2.2.1 |
5.3.6 |
|
| Is it allowed for a player to play a hard driven defence ball, if the ball is slightly touched by the block, without the speed or direction of the ball being altered? |
Yes. Although this contact is the second contact of the team, it is legal to play the ball in this way. The referee must be sure that the ball still satisfies the criteria of a hard driven ball especially regarding the time the defensive player has to change his/ her technique of playing the ball. 9.2.2.1 9.2.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4 |
5.3.7 |
|
| Is it allowed for a player to play a hard driven defence ball, if the ball touched the top of the net and the speed of the ball was significantly reduced? |
No. Because in this situation the ball has substantially changed its speed and therefore the ball is now not hard driven, so it is a CATCH fault. 9.2.2.1 9.3.3 |
5.3.8 |
|
| Because of heavy wind, the players are attacking the ball in standing position. Is it allowed to defend these attacks with the hard driven ball defence manner? (i.e., slightly extended contact, overhand with fingers) |
The 1st Referee must particularly focus on the time the player had to change his/ her technique in playing the ball. Did he/she have enough time to change the technique from being defensive to being offensive? In this way it is a matter for the referee to consider time and distance. It is not relevant if the player hit the ball as hard as he/she could or used unusual techniques. 9.2.2.1 |
5.3.9 |
|
| In setting, what factors should the 1st Referee look at if the player is using a technique that involves a long and protracted contact time (CATCH) with the hands? V0 |
The referee should consider how clean the contact was. Were the hands / fingers simultaneous in contacting the ball, and was the ball played with one quick motion - i.e., not visibly resting in the player's hands - or was the player using a technique that involved a long and protracted contact time (CATCH) with the hands? 9.3.3 9.3.4 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.3.10 |
|
| If a player is playing the ball in a specific way - by utilizing a defensive technique on a hard driven ball, with open outstretched forearms and with fingers pointing downwards to the ground on both hands - and extends his/her hand contact with the ball momentarily (i.e. there is no REBOUND from the hands), should the 1st referee consider this as a “Catch”? |
Yes. With the possible exception of setting overhand with fingers, Volleyball hits involve a rebound from the contact point. The action described in the case will create a hit which is not a rebound, because this technique involves both wrists being inverted (thus fingers pointing downwards to the ground, palms upwards and thumbs facing sideways – which the rules specifically regard as illegal) the referee should consider this as a CATCH. 9.2.2.1 9.3.3 |
5.3.11 |
|
| During a joust, can the ball’s direction change while both players are in contact with the ball? |
Yes, it is legal within a joust (extended ball contact) for the ball’s direction to change due to the forces applied by the opponents’ hands. Play continues afterwards. 9.1.2.3 |
5.3.12 |
|
| Is it allowed to play a ball as a hard driven ball (i.e., by momentary extended contact with hands) if the ball is coming from the opponent’s block? |
Yes. This is legal if satisfying the requirements of a hard driven ball defence. The ball rebounding or being deflected off the block is considered like an attack hit and in this case the ball contact with the hands may be slightly extended. 9.2.2.1 |
5.4.1 |
|
| If the service takes the ball “over” the antenna, on the side of the 2nd Referee, should he/she whistle this ball? |
This is a situation where the 2nd Referee must blow his / her whistle, as play cannot legally continue (the ball must pass completely between the antennae after a serve) and it lies within the jurisdiction of the 2nd Referee because it happens on his/ her side of the court, signaling OUT. Active and competent line judges play an important role in such plays, giving a “wave and point” signal. 10.1.1.2 23.3.2.4 |
5.4.2 |
|
| When the ball was completely above the court of team L, it was attacked by the team L player. Simultaneous with this, the opponent blocker also contacted the ball. Is this a blocking fault? Click Here for Video 5 V0 V1 V2 V3 V4 |
This is not a fault of either player. It would be a fault if the blocker had contacted the ball first, however. It is important to appreciate that this ruling only applies to attack-block simultaneous actions. Had the team L player been setting the ball, on the other hand, because the ball was completely in the space of team L, the blocker would have been at fault for “reaching beyond the net” to intercept an internal pass. 14.3 |
5.5.1 |
|
| If the attacking player lands, hits an opponent in his own playing court and space, causing the opponent to contact the lower part of the net, should the 2nd Referee whistle for interference? |
This is clearly interference, so the attacking player should be whistled. The signal is simply to indicate the offending player. 11.2.1 11.3.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.5.2 |
|
| If a player after a spectacular diving action is lying in the opponent’s court, and the blocker on that side stops because jumping will bring him into the path of the player lying on the sand, should this be called interference? |
Yes, even though no contact has occurred. It is a fault if the player, through contact or the threat of contact, prevents a player from making a play on the ball, when they in the referee’s judgment would have been able to play this subsequent shot. The blocking player has been prevented by the opponent player’s position from playing the ball 11.2.1 11.4.2 11.4.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.5.3 |
|
| If a player, after attacking a ball, comes underneath the net and slightly touches the blocker, is this considered as interference? V0 |
This depends only on whether the blocker was in a position that his ability to play the next ball was reduced. 11.1.2 11.2.1 11.4.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.5.4 |
|
| If a ball is passed by player L outside the antenna on the side of the 2nd Referee and his/her teammate, coming under the net to try to retrieve the ball, is deliberately obstructed by the player on the opponent side, should the 2nd Referee whistle this action as interference? Click Here for Video V0 |
Yes. This is a form of interference even if a physical contact has not occurred. It is illegal for a player, to substantially alter his/ her position in order to prevent the opponents from making a legitimate play on the ball. The other way around, despite at Beach Volleyball a player being allowed to run through the opponent's court to retrieve balls at the opponent's free zone regardless his/her full awareness on how the ball travelled the crossing space, that player, in the case the ball travelled inside the crossing space will be accountable for possible interference with the opponents’ ability to play the ball, i.e.: the case where the opponent player would be inhibited from even making a decision whether or not to play the ball...so preventing proper decision making. This might be a valid basis for calling it interference. 10.1.2 10.1.2.1 11.4.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.5.5 |
|
| After a block, the blocker (Team R) falls on the sand, partially on the opponent side (Team L). The ball, hitting the net and entering the space of Team L after the block, falls on the blocker, still lying on the side of the opponent. The attacking team had no chance of playing this ball. Is this called interference? |
Interference would only occur if the blocking player lying in the ground would hinder an opponent’s legitimate attempt to play the ball. As this was not the case here, the referee should treat this ball as if it had landed on the ground, with the blocking team consequently and correctly winning the rally. 11.2.1 11.4.3 |
5.5.6 |
|
| When a ball was played between the antennae going to the opponent’s (Team R’s) free zone and a player, trying to go to this ball to play it, was obstructed by the opponent, should the 1st Referee see this as interference? |
No, the overriding consideration must be that the team (Team L) directing the ball towards the opponent’s side does not have a legal play on the ball because the ball passed completely between the antennae and so only the Team R players may play the ball. Should the Team L player actually contact the ball in this case, the 1st Referee must immediately whistle a fault. 10.1.1 13.1.2 |
5.5.7 |
|
| In a match one player close to the 1st Referee crossed under the net to the opponent’s court whilst trying to recover a ball that had passed the vertical plane of the net through the crossing space. The opponent player whilst playing the ball in his/her defensive action was contacted by the player who came under the net. What should the referee do? And what should he do if in a similar situation the ball was crossing the vertical plane of the net outside the crossing space? |
In this scenario there was always interference involved – by the player who was crossing underneath the net, if the ball was going through the crossing space. If the ball crossed outside the crossing space, then the defensive player had no right to play the ball and should be called for interference. 11.4.3 |
5.5.8 |
|
| When a player is moving his/her hand(s) close to the net on their side deliberately altering the rebound of the ball, is this permitted? V0 |
No. This is a fault and is a form of interference. It is penalized as a net touch, as the player is considered to have touched the net, not the net touching the player. The referee must clearly see that the player has deliberately altered his/her position in order to initiate this contact through the net, creating an advantage. 11.4.3 |
5.5.9 |
|
| The ball hits the top of the net, causing the net to touch the blocking player. The 2nd Referee blows the fault of the blocking player. After that the ball goes out on the side of the attacking player. The 1st Referee is in doubt about the decision of the 2nd Referee and calls a replay. Can a captain ask for a Protest? |
After receiving the explanation, a captain can always ask the 1st Referee for a Protest. However, it is the 1 s t Referee who must determine whether the protest is legitimate by considering the criteria under which a protest can be lodged before initiating the Protest Protocol. concerned: Rule 11.3.3 When the ball is driven into the net causing it to touch an opponent no fault is committed. Rule 8.2 The ball is out of play at the moment of the fault which is whistled by one of the referees; in the absence of a fault at the moment of the whistle. If the captain does not agree with the decision of the 1st Referee of not giving way to the protest or the outcome of the protest at Level 1 and wants to lodge a protest at Level 2 he must then follow the relevant procedures. Rules 8.2 12.3.3 |
5.5.10 |
|
| A ball was blocked straight down. Before the ball landed on the opponent’s court, the ball touched the leg of the middle blocker, who was already standing on the sand without the intention of kicking the ball. If there was no leg hit, the ball would have landed clearly on the sand on team R’s side. Can the middle blocker’s leg touch be considered as an interference to the opponent’s play? |
No. Because the middle blocker’s leg touch was unintentional and he already stood on the sand, he made no mistake. However, if the contact was well above the sand, and there was an opponent player with a potential play on the ball, then this is interference. 11.2.1 |
5.5.11 |
|
| After a dig by team L the ball went high around the antenna and it was supposed to land close to the sideline. It was difficult to determine if the path was within the crossing space or over the antenna. A player from team L was running under the net to replay the ball. Meanwhile a player from team R was also ready to play close to the sideline. However, the 2 players almost collided with each other, the player of team R played the ball successfully and the rally continued. How should it be determined if a fault has been committed and in this case which player was at fault? V0 |
The crucial point is the trajectory of the ball. If the ball clearly passed the net plane within the antennae, i.e., through the crossing space, team L had no right to play it back. It means the running player of team L interfered with the opponent’s play and made a fault regardless, if the opponent successfully hit the ball. If the ball clearly passed the net plane over or outside the antennae, i.e., partly or totally outside of the crossing space, team L had the right to play it back. In this case the team R’s player interfered with the opponent’s play and made a fault regardless of whether the opponent successfully hit the ball. If the ball’s trajectory was in doubt, and neither referees, nor line judges could determine this, both players may legally think, that their action to try to play the ball is legal. It is impossible to determine the faulty player. In such a situation it is worth not stopping the rally. 10.1 11.2 11.4.2 |
5.6.1 |
|
| Is it allowed for a player to be ready for service, standing outside the extension of the side lines? |
Yes. A player can be authorized to serve even though he/ she is outside the extension of the sidelines. The criteria the 1st Referee should apply before authorization for serve should be if: 1) all other players and officials are ready. 2) the serving player is in possession of the ball. 3) the player to serve is correct according to the service order. 12.3 |
5.6.2 |
|
| At the start of the 2nd set the wrong team is executing the service. And after the rally, the 2nd Referee and the scorer, as well as both teams acknowledge that indeed the wrong team took the service, what should the 1st Referee do in such a case? |
The set should be restarted. If a wrong player serves and the rally is completed a team can only maintain any points gained if the correct team was serving (not as in this case the incorrect team). 12.1.1 |
5.6.3 |
|
| What should the 1st Referee do if, after the server tosses the ball in the air, it slightly contacts the overhead boom camera? |
The referee should call a replay and re-authorize service. There has been external interference to the service. The server could be requested to move his/her position slightly to solve the problem or to wait for a short time for the camera to move. 12.3 17.2 |
5.6.4 |
|
| When a player is serving with one foot close to the end line, and pushes some sand causing the line to move, is the 1st Referee entitled to call a foot fault? V0 |
This situation can easily lead to a 1st Referee error. The 1st Referee is at a higher position (being on the referee’s stand) and a long distance from the potential fault. The line may move due to sand pushing the line. Although no fault has been committed, this may look like a fault. 12.4.3 |
5.6.5 |
|
| Is dropping a ball, immediately after the authorization of the service, considered as a service fault? V0 |
No. If a player has not released the ball (tossed), with the intention of initiating a service, he/she should be authorized to initiate the serving routine again. A referee must understand that players have many unique serving action techniques that may involve the ball actually leaving the players hands (e.g., from one hand to another, spinning, etc.) before the final toss for initiating service. 12.4.1 12.4.2 |
5.6.6 |
|
| When a player hesitates in executing the service, should the 1st Referee whistle after 5 seconds and give the ball to the opponents? |
The referee must consider the player’s normal service routine. Has the player clearly seen the service authorization (or heard the whistle) or is the player clearly intending to delay the service. 12.4.4 |
5.6.7 |
|
| After having been authorized to serve, the player drops the ball during the action of preparing to toss the ball for service. The 1st Referee observed that the ball was partly wet due to contact with the player’s wet top. In this case, is the 1st Referee allowed to replace the ball? |
Yes. The 1st Referee has clearly considered the following in making this decision: That there was no deliberate attempt to delay the game. 1) that the action of dropping the ball was accidental and was not an intentional tactic to delay. 2) the spirit of the rules of the game. 3) to ensure that normal playing conditions are maintained a new ball should be utilised. This may involve the wet ball being replaced. 3.1 |
5.6.8 |
|
| If a player serves from a position outside the extensions of the side-lines, what is the official signal for this fault? |
The correct signal would be signal 22, indicating that the server touched the ground outside the service zone. This is done by pointing to the ground in the extension of the line that the player has served outside. 12.4.3 Signal 12 |
5.6.9 |
|
| Serving the ball from the hand, could seem like the ball was not released at the moment of the execution of the serve. Should the referee call this ball? |
Not necessarily, because players often release the ball fractionally before contact by the other hand. 12.4.1 |
5.6.10 |
|
| Can the 1st Referee, before the start of the next rally, reconsider his/her previous decision; for example, if a line judge signaled a foot fault of the server and the 1st referee at the appropriate time didn’t see the signaling of this Line Judge? |
Yes. He/she must follow a correct sequence of events to make a final decision by clarifying with the line judge the nature of their signal. However, at the time immediately after the service it good technique for the 1st Referee to check momentarily for any possible signal from the respective line judges. 12.6.1.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.6.11 |
|
| After the whistle for service, the captain of team L requests a TO from the 2nd Referee and starts walking to the chairs. The 2nd Referee does not blow the whistle and tries to get the team back into the playing court. The 1st Referee, seeing this, calls a replay, and grants team L their request for TO. Is this the proper procedure? |
No - after the referee has whistled for service, the captain of team L had no right to ask for the TO, and certainly was not granted permission to leave the court. After the whistle for service by the 1st Referee, the service should be executed. 12.3 15.5.4 16.1 16.2.1 16.2.2 16.2.3 |
5.7.1 |
|
| If an attacking player, pushes the ball with open hand into the block, is this always consider as a fault? |
The referee should call an attack hit fault if the attacking action was prior to the block action. However, if the actions were simultaneous, there would be no fault and play should continue, as long as part of the ball was on each team’s side (i.e., making each team’s play legal). 13.2.3 |
5.7.2 |
|
| When the ball is close to the net, but the blocking action resembles more a set than a block, what should be the reaction of the 1st Referee? |
If the player’s action is not regarded as being a block then the referee may need to look at how clean was the contact (catch or double contact) and the trajectory of the ball after the contact. 9.3.3 9.3.4 13.2.5 |
5.7.3 |
|
| Is a player allowed to play the ball at the last minute intentionally in a reverse direction over his/her shoulders into the opponent’s court? |
Yes, provided that the ball travels in a trajectory perpendicular to the line of the player’s shoulders, and that the player has established his/her shoulder position before the initial contact is made (either in a forward or backward direction). 13.2.5 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.7.4 |
|
| If the ball is set cleanly, and the wind catches the ball and places the ball at the opponent side of the net, should the 1st Referee penalize the team for an attack hit fault? |
No. This is a common misinterpretation of the rules and is not a fault. If the intention of the team L player is to set the ball to their partner, no fault exists. The wind causing the ball to cross over the net or the trajectory of the ball not being in line with the player’s shoulders is irrelevant in deciding on this fault. 13.2.5 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
5.8.1 |
|
| Is it legal to block a sky service ball into the net and then play it the second time to your partner? |
No. This is a fault. It is not legal to block a service. The first contact is not legal so the 1st referee should have whistled a fault as soon as the player blocked the ball. 14.1.1 14.1.3 14.5 14.6.3 |
5.8.2 |
|
| If a player is late in blocking and in doing so is approximately 1 meter from the net, can he/she, if the ball touches his/her hands, play the ball for a second consecutive time V0 |
There is no definition of “close to the net”. The referee must penalize it as a double contact fault if he/she believes the first contact of this player did not satisfy the requirements of a block. The distance from the net is important, as a block must be completed “close to the net”. However, a taller player’s body may be further from the net than a smaller one, yet the hands can be over the net – so “close to the net” can be relative, and depend on a variety of factors. 9.3.4 14.1.1 |
5.8.3 |
|
| If the ball is coming to the net, is the blocking player allowed to redirect the ball in any position? |
While the block is a defensive action it does not follow the same criteria as a hard driven ball defence. The referee should not allow prolonged contact (i.e., catch) of the block. The ball can be redirected by a block provided that it satisfies the definition of a block and the contact time is not prolonged. 14.2 |
6.1.1 |
|
| Is it allowed for a team, after asking for the TO, to stay on the playing court? |
No, this is not allowed. During all regular interruptions and set intervals (including Technical Time outs), players must go to their designated players’ area. 15.4.4 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.1.2 |
|
| After the 2nd Referee whistles for the end of the TO, the players aren’t moving to the court, is it correct for the 1st Referee to issue a delay sanction? |
If after 15 seconds the players have not returned to the court then the delay is significant. It is very important that the 2nd Referee be very active at the end of the timeout encouraging both teams to return to the playing court. Hence, the 1st referee should issue a delay sanction. 15.4.1 16.1.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.1.3 |
|
| Is it allowed for one team to request a TO at the end of the TO of the opponents? |
The referees should accept this request for a time out, blowing the whistle and repeating the official hand signals. The timing of the 30 seconds should commence when both teams are back at their designated chairs (or as appropriate). At the completion of the 30 seconds the referees should whistle, signal and verbally request the teams to return to the playing court. The 2nd Referee should at this time indicate to both teams that they have used their allowed Time-outs 15.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.1.4 |
|
| During a match, the captain of team L requested a second TO in the set. The 2nd Referee accepted it, while stating to the scorer that the first TO was to team R. After correction of the score sheet by the scorer, later in the set, team R requested (their first) TO. After rejection by the 2nd Referee, and the protest of team R, the 2nd Referee realized that team L had been granted two TO’s in the set. What would be the solution at the time of the match? |
Although the right moment of the second request of the captain of team L could be tracked, after playing the next rally, this can only be considered as a fault of the referee concerned. Team R has no right to go back in time and replay the match from the point that team L received their second TO. (At the time this should have been recorded as an improper request or as a delay sanction.) 15.5.3 15.5.4 16.1 16.2.1 16.2.2 16.2.3 |
6.1.5 |
|
| Is it allowed to give an improper request after a previously given delay warning or penalty in the same match? |
The first improper request by a team in the match that does not affect or delay the game shall be rejected without any other consequences. There is nothing in the rule statement about the previous events before the improper request. If a request is improper for the first time by a team, it should be considered as an “improper request”; it doesn’t matter, if previously the team received a delay sanction. So, after a DW or DP, an “improper request” may still be committed – and recorded on the score sheet. 15.11.2 |
6.1.6 |
|
| During a match, while directly walking into his team’s area, the team L player who was not the captain requested a TO. The 2nd Referee did not accept the request and an “improper request” was issued to team L. In the meantime, the team L captain requested a TO at the same interruption, which was also not accepted by the 2nd Referee. Was the 2nd Referee correct? |
The referee is correct in issuing an “improper request”. This is to be rejected without sanction unless repeated, or it affects or delays the game. However, depending on the circumstances, the described scenario could lead to one of the two following consequences: 1) In case no delay sanction applies, there is no rule that says there cannot be a legitimate request from the captain during the same interruption. So, in such circumstance the 2nd Referee should have accepted the TO request from the captain. 2) If there was a delay sanction applied, then the captain’s TO request would not be permitted in the same interruption. 15.3 15.5.2 15.5.4 |
6.1.7 |
|
| Time out duration is set at 30 seconds. Can this be adjusted? |
Yes. The duration of time outs can be adjusted according to the needs of the competition. This is a separate issue from allowing players to re- enter the court before the whistle which ends the time out (which depending the circumstances may be also permitted). 15.4.1 |
6.2.1 |
|
| Is it allowed to give 2 delay warnings to the same team in one set? |
The 1st Referee should not give 2 delay warnings to one team in the same set or the same match. Delay warnings are recorded on the score sheet so the scorer should immediately notify the 1st Referee (via the 2nd Referee) of this error. 16.2.1 16.2.1.1 16.2.1.2 16.2.2 16.2.3 |
6.2.2 |
|
| Is it allowed for players to frequently go slowly into position, wiping their glasses and cleaning sand from their body, as a result extending the time between rallies beyond 12 seconds? |
The 1st Referee should maintain control of the pace of the match, not being controlled by the players. By extending the time between rallies beyond 12 seconds there has been a delay. The referee must control the time between rallies, verbally warning where appropriate. Then when a player deliberately or repeatedly delays the match, issue a formal delay warning to the team. 16.1.3 |
6.2.3 |
|
| When the players are in position to receive the next serve, one of them asks permission of the 1st Referee to wipe her face. Should the 1st referee authorize this request? |
In this case, the referee should decline this request as the player is prolonging the time between rallies beyond 12 seconds. At the completion of the rally the player should have left the court quickly to wipe her face. The referee should only authorize this request if: 1) a substantial danger exists to the player, and 2) the player did not intentionally create this delay. 16.1.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.2.4 |
|
| Is it allowed for a player to wipe his/her head and arms with the small towel hanging at the net pole, which is foreseen as a towel to clean the glasses from the players? |
No, this is not allowed. The 1st Referee should consider this as intentional delay of the game and should issue a delay sanction. 16.1.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.2.5 |
|
| If a team is delaying the start of the match by not coming into the court after this is requested by the referees, what would be the correct procedure by the 1st Referee? |
The 1st Referee should apply a delay sanction prior to the start of the game. 16.2.2 |
6.2.6 |
|
| During a match, the captain of team L requests a second TO in the set. The 2nd Referee authorises it. As the players walk to their chairs, the scorer informs the 2nd Referee that team L already had one TO in that set. The 2nd Referee calls both teams back to their playing positions, and the 1st Referee gives a delay sanction to team L. Was this the right procedure? |
This is, considering the elapsed time, the right solution. The 2nd Referee must always be aware of the number of TOs used, and he should have rejected the request and instructed the scorer to register an improper request on the score sheet. 15.5.3 15.5.4 16.1 16.2.1 16.2.2 16.2.3 |
6.3.1 |
|
| What should a referee do if a player, after being injured, leaves the court and doesn’t return after |
As soon as the 1st Referee (within the limits of the current regulations) establishes that medical |
5 |
|
| assistance is required, he/she must ensure: 1) that the accredited medical staff and Delegate(s) are requested to come to the court immediately. Note that as a precaution the accredited medical staff must be requested to come to the court in all cases of injury whether requested by the player or not. 2) that the player(s) remain within the playing area or the respective team’s area. 3) that if a referee allows an injured player to leave the playing area or the respective team’s area, a referee should initially accompany this player. 4) that the scorer has correctly recorded all important information. 5) that the other players are informed of all relevant information. In this case the player’s team should been declared incomplete and the match finished. 17.1.2 |
|
6.3.2 |
|
| If there is a small blood injury, is the player allowed to quickly clean and bandage the cut? |
Yes. The referees must be very careful in their enforcement of regulations related to blood for the safety of all match participants. If the injury is small, the referees can allow (without assigning a MTO to the team), sufficient time to fix the injury. 17.1.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.3.3 |
|
| Under severe weather conditions, a player is unable to keep playing as she is having trouble breathing due to asthma. How should the referees proceed? |
The team is first entitled to a timeout if available, and if necessary, a Medical Assistance interruption for that given player. So, the 2nd Referee, should: 1) first authorize a team TO, 2) then establish if the player wishes to be treated by the official medical personnel or the team’s accredited medical personnel, 3) followed by immediately calling the relevant medical assistance to the court, 4) then, only in case the issue is not resolved, the 2nd referee must signal to the 1st referee to come down the stand and inform the player that a “recovery interruption” will be authorized and initiated by the 1st referee. The 1st referee after coming down the stand and while close to the scorer’s table: 1) ensures that all relevant aspects are meet, i.e.: arrival of the official medical personnel (in case this has been the choice of the injured player), or if no official medical personnel available, or if the player asked for their own accredited medical personnel, 2) followed by immediately initiating the “Recovery Interruption” protocol (RIT). 3) this is done by whistling and showing the number 5 with the fingers raised and asking the scorer to start the timing. Similar process to be implemented in case a player presents the same symptoms before the start of the match, or the set, as a team is legally entitled to a timeout and if necessary, a Medical Assistance interruption for a given player although the teams have not commenced playing (first serve). 17.1.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.3.4 |
|
| When a player at a “ Recovery Interruption” (RIT) requests the accredited medical staff, is he/she allowed to decline treatment by a first aid attendant coming quickly to the court? |
Yes, if the player asks for the accredited medical staff, a first aid attendant will not be considered as such. It is up to the Delegate (s) to determine the suitability of the accredited medical staff in performing their function. 17.1.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.3.5 |
|
| Is it allowed for a player not to request medical assistance after a small injury, stating that all will be alright in a short time? |
Yes, if the time the player needs is a short one the referees should allow this. The 2nd Referee must strictly supervise the player during this time. Referees should note that unless in extreme cases where the official medical personnel can oppose it, it is always the player’s final decision whether he/ she is fit to resume the match. The referees should, in all cases of injury, call the authorized medical personnel to the court regardless of whether a “Medical Assistance” protocol is enacted or not. 17.1.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.3.6 |
|
| A team asks for the Technical Delegate to check the lack of light. The Delegate stops the game and the match will start again the next morning with the score 0-0. What are the criteria for a Technical Delegate to decide if the match is to continue? |
The Delegate should consider the following: 1) there is no stipulated maximum or minimum natural lighting for daytime matches; however, 1000 lux at 1 meter above the playing surface could be used as a reference. 2) whether normal playing conditions are possible for the players during the whole of the rest of the match. 3) whether the captains wish to stop the match. Both teams can agree to continue the match. 4) the availability of artificial lights to possibly continue the match. 5) the next day’s playing schedule. 1.6 |
6.3.7 |
|
| If during play a player is faking an injury, and in doing so lets the 1st Referee stop the play immediately, and after that the player states that nothing is preventing him for playing, has the referee any means to stop this non-fair play issue? |
No. After whistling for the alleged injury, the 1st Referee has no means to recall his/her decision and must let the rally be replayed. Under the rules of the game a referee must whistle when he/she believes that a serious injury has occurred and / or if a player may be further injured if play continues. This whistle (if it occurs during a rally) results in a replay. If the whistle occurs after the rally has been completed, the result of the rally as completed stands. The referee should not enter into a debate about the validity of the injury with any of the players. 17.1.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.3.8 |
|
| Is it allowed for a player to ask any direct assistance from the referees to minimize pain at an injury? |
While it is the responsibility of officials to ensure safe conditions for the players, this does not include providing personal medical assistance. The referee’s prime responsibility in situations such as this is to ensure access to medical staff is as quick as possible (by following the Medical Assistance Protocol). 17.1.2 23.2.7 |
6.3.9 |
|
| Is it allowed for a team to request medical assistance for the duration of the time between sets or during TO and TTO? |
Yes. This request is legal and should be initiated as soon as possible by both officials. A player has the right to request and then utilise medical assistance in their designated seats for the whole duration of the time between sets (also during Technical Timeouts and Timeouts). Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.3.10 |
|
| At 22:22 in the 1st set and following an attack by Team R, Team L’s defending player miss-directs the ball towards the back of his own court (close to the end line). Team L’s partner starts chasing the ball but before reaching it, a stray ball enters the free zone between the panels and the same end line, in sight of all players and referees. Both Team R players react verbally and wave their arms towards the referees re: the external ball entering the playing area, and consequently hesitate to continue the rally, delaying their movements, and losing focus, which allowed Team L to easily ground the ball on Team R’s court and win the rally. Conversely, the Team L players throughout did not question the position of the stray ball, maintained focus, and did not stop playing. Although both referees saw the external ball entering the playing area during the rally, and the gestures and hesitation by Team R players, the 1st referee awarded the point to Team L, advancing the score to 23:22. (Unfortunately the score was not advanced by the scorer and remained at 22:22 on the e-Scoresheet). The ensuing actions resulted in a 14-minute delay to the match before play resumed. Should the referees have stopped the rally and replayed, and does either team have a case for protest? |
17.2 states that “If there is any external interference during the game the play has to be stopped and the rally is replayed.” In this case both referees saw the external ball invading the playing area and should have been able to recognise the claim by Team R players and their hesitation yet both referees considered that the action did not interfere with play. The incident described suggests external interference so a straightforward application of the rule would have been: interrupt play and replay the rally. This would have entitled Team R to a legitimate request for a protest protocol due to suspected misinterpretation of the rule. If the protest is based on this as a judgment call rather than a misinterpretation/misapplication of the rule the TD under the advice of the RC could not uphold the protest protocol. This would have serious financial consequences for Team R ($500). “Clever refereeing” implies common sense. If there is no reaction including when players do not care about it and want to keep playing then "clever refereeing" should prevail. Finally a 14-minute delay related to a dispute of a refereeing decision is totally unacceptable in our sport. Rules 16 17 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
6.3.11 |
|
| During a main draw Women’s match, the organising committee decided to stop all matches due to a thunderstorm. The interruption lasted for approximately 1 hour. The score recorded on the e-Score sheet at the time of the interruption in the 2nd set was 8-6 in favour of Team L, with Team L serving. At the end of the warm up to resume the match, with the 1st referee on the stand, Team R insisted first with the 2nd referee and the scorer that the score was incorrect and then from the court they addressed the TD/RC in the spectator’s area, saying that they were leading 8-6, and not Team L. The complaint was not an official protest. The RC decided to go and ask the 2nd referee to check the scoresheet and after a few seconds, the 2nd referee advised that the score was correct (8-6 to Team L), and that he was sure of it. The RC then told Team R that they had to resume play, which is what they did. Later the RC decided to download the video footage of the match and the scoresheet. He realised that when the score was 7-6 in favour of Team L, when Team L had actually served into the net. The score should have become 7-7 at the time of the interruption with Team R serving. By checking the scoresheet, the RC found that the scorer had awarded a point to Team L by mistake (making it 8-6 for Team L). Nobody on the court at that moment had realised the mistake, and everybody left due to the thunderstorm interruption. |
The scorer clearly made an error at the e-scoring when Team R won the rally and the service, after a missed serve by Team L at 7-6, with the teams switching courts as required (the court switch should have been recorded at 7-7). A number of other procedural errors occurred, which would have prevented the embarrassing situation with an incorrect score and incorrect team to serve when play resumed. This included: 1) immediately following the court switch, the 2nd and the 1st referee, before/or eventually after they left the court, did not properly check (as required) that all was correctly registered at the e-scoresheet (with the correct score, the correct server, etc.) 2) when Team R questioned the score, after already such a long stop due to weather conditions, the RC should have taken the opportunity for only an extra couple of minutes to go and look at the official video footage for the correct score and server. 17.3.1 23.2.3 |
6.4.1 |
|
| If in a set the court switch is remarked late by players, scorer and referee should the score be corrected? |
No, the score should not be corrected. Teams must change sides as soon as the error has been noticed. 18.2.2 |
6.4.2 |
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| If during a match, due to the many TV requests for replays, the pace of the game is affected, what can a 1st Referee do? |
It is important that the 1st Referee at the most convenient moment communicates this information to the Technical Delegate(s). While it is the responsibility of the match officials to work co-operatively with the TV coordinator and his/ her staff, they also represent the FIVB (player’s officials etc.,) and the spirit of the Official Rules. The Technical Delegate should be informed of any circumstance when a referee considers that the match conditions are being compromised. It is also appropriate in this situation for the 1st Referee to talk to the players outlining the situation 16.1.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
7.1.1 |
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| Does a referee by warning verbally and giving a yellow card to a player of a team in fact warn both players (the whole team)? |
Yes. A 1st Referee is correct in his action to verbally warn the players when they commit minor misconduct. When issuing a formal warning through a yellow card, the referee is signaling to the team that it has reached the sanctioning level; however, this is shown to the relevant player. 20.1 20.2 Ref Guidelines and Instructions |
7.1.2 |
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| How many warnings and penalties resulting from minor misconduct can a team/player receive during a match? |
Only one misconduct formal warning through a yellow card can be issued to a given team during the whole match. Every additional action of minor misconduct by any player in that team during the match will result in a misconduct penalty (with a maximum of 2 per set per player). However, a misconduct penalty originating in repeated minor misconduct, at the relevant FIVB/BPT competitions, will not be subject to money fee sanction. 20.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
7.1.3 |
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| At 20-20 1st set, after team L scoring the 21st point, one of the team R players complaints from the fact that the referee did not call what in his opinion was a bad setting action. Whilst team R had already received a misconduct formal warning (yellow card) in the course of that set, and the first referee considered the action of the team R player as a repetition of minor misconduct issuing team R player a misconduct penalty, this resulted in the score 22-20 for team L. Was the first referee, correct? |
Additional action of minor misconduct by any player in a team previously sanctioned with a misconduct formal warning (yellow card) during the match will result in a misconduct penalty, and so, depending on the seriousness of the minor misconduct, the referee has the authority to sanction the player with a misconduct penalty. However, the referee must carefully evaluate the level of seriousness of such minor misconduct, as to prevent deciding the set (or the game) with a penalty sanction. 20.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
7.2.1 |
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| Is it correct that a referee gives a red card when a player deliberately kicks the ball outside the court? |
The referee is correct in sanctioning the player for rude conduct, as the offence is deliberate, and substantial. 20.2.1 20.3.1 |
7.2.2 |
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| How many times can a player receive a red card in one set? |
Two times. A third rude conduct by that same player in the same set would be sanctioned with expulsion. 20.3.1 |
7.2.3 |
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| What happens if a player by pulling the net breaks one of the posts holding it? |
The player should be sanctioned with a misconduct penalty. He/she will be fined after the match in accordance to the “Misconduct sanction fee scale”. The match can restart at another court with the same score; however, due to the misconduct penalty, the opponent team will gain one point extra due to this misconduct penalty and the next serve. 20.2.1 20.3.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
7.2.4 |
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| If in between sets, the 2nd Referee overhears a loud derogatory comment about the 1st Referee, what should be his/her action? |
Initially the 2nd Referee must report this action to the 1st Referee during the interval between sets. The 1st Referee should warn or sanction the player, as he/ she believes appropriate. The referee must closely look at the circumstances and the level of the offence and warn or sanction accordingly. Because the offence occurred between sets it must be applied at the start of the next set. This also applies to misconduct before the match, which is applied before the first serve of the match. 20.1 20.2 20.4 |
7.2.5 |
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| For issuing a misconduct penalty between two sets, what action should the 1st Referee apply? |
The 1st Referee must apply the sanction at the start of the next set. After showing the red card to the relevant player, he/she must then show the other team to serve. If the team who was sanctioned with the penalty was to serve, the opponents get the right to serve and must rotate one position. If the team who was sanctioned with the penalty was receiving, the opponents will receive 1 point and keep the service order. 20.3.1 20.4 Score sheet Instructions |
7.2.6 |
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| If a player, disagreeing with the referee’s decision, tears his/her uniform in anger, should the 1st Referee consider this as misconduct or as a delay to the game? |
The referee should consider this as a rude conduct. The action of the player ripping his/her playing top configures an equipment abuse scenario o f “playing uniform abuse” which should be sanctioned with a red card. A player may receive a maximum of two red cards in the same set. 20.3.1 |
7.2.7 |
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| After the match has been completed by the 1st Referee, if a player gets upset and removes the padding from the post and tears the court number off the referee’s stand, should this action, although it occurs after the completion of the match, be recorded on the score sheet? |
Yes. The referee should record such actions in remarks section of the score sheet. 20.4 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
7.2.8 |
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| If a coach, standing outside the court during the match, is constantly abusing the referees about their decisions by language and by hand signals, what should the referees do? |
The referee cannot penalize the coach directly for misconduct, as he/she is not a participant in the match. If the coach is accredited, the referees can approach the Technical Delegate about this issue, who can decide whether or not the coach should lose his/her accreditation for the rest of the tournament. 4.1.1 4.1.4 Ref Guidelines and Instructions |
7.2.9 |
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| After the decision of the 1st Referee regarding a ball mark protocol, one of the players got his camera and took a picture of the ball mark. After the match he looked for the RC trying to show the picture and claiming the 1st Referee took the wrong decision. What should the RC do? And what should the 1st Referee have done during the match? |
The player concerned should have been sanctioned for Rude Conduct by the 1st Referee in accordance with Rule 20.2.1. Any FIVB officials should refuse to consult any pictures of this type as they are not the official footage and there is no proof that they relate to the specific incident during that match. 19.1.2 19.1.3 20.2.1 |
7.2.10 |
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| If after a Technical Time Out, a red card (penalty) is issued to a player of the team ready to serve, because of misbehaviour during the allocation of the last point leading towards the TTO, should this team lose the right to serve at that moment? |
Yes, the 1st Referee should always, after issuing a red card to the player, give the right to serve to the opponent team and benefit the new serving team with a point. 20.2.1 20.3.1 |
8.1.1 |
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| After the last call in the match, the captain of the team that lost the match, asked the 1st Referee to consult both Line Judges, who were signaling a touch of the block. The referee declined that, saying his decision was final. Can the captain protest on this point? |
A serious problem existed in the 1st Referee’ officiating techniques, as collaboration is very important in officiating. However, this protest will not be accepted, because this concerns a judgment call and the decision of the 1st Referee is final. 21.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
8.1.2 |
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| During a Quarter Final match on Centre Court, with the score at 1:0 to Team L in set 3, Team L won the next rally. The scorer added one point for Team L on the e-score tablet. However, due to the tablet’s slow response, it did not initially show the point for Team L and after a few seconds, the Scorer, believing that the point had not been added, hit the button again to add the point for Team L. After a few seconds the tablet now displayed the score of 3:0 to Team L. Despite advice from colleagues, the scorer insisted that 3:0 had to be the correct score. Team L finally won the third set 15:12. Sometime after the score sheet was signed, the error was confirmed. How should the scoring error have been prevented? What can now be done regarding the match result? |
Tight schedules in Beach events mean that it is vital that all scoring issues and protests are dealt with at the time. Since the score sheet was signed by both captains, without protest, ratifying the result, nothing can now be done regarding this mistake. There were a minimum of FIVE (5) officials who should have identified the scoring error, and who should have used their influence to correct it before the next rally commenced: 1) the Scorer should have been extra vigilant to know the score before advancing it (i.e., 1:0), and what it should be after adding a point (in this case 2:0). 2) the Assistant Scorer (who was running a manual backup paper score sheet, who did advise on the correct score) should have been more insistent, and should have suggested calling over the 2nd Referee to discuss the problem before resuming the match. 3) the Reserve Referee who was running the backup e-Score/Tablet, should have made the RC aware during the first set that there were problems with the technology and that they were unable to keep score securely during the match. 4) both Referees should be checking the score after every rally, to ensure it advances only by one point each rally, and that the score is correct on the litescore display and large scoreboards. Greater teamwork, while respecting individual responsibilities, and unhesitatingly speaking up, would ensure this type of error would not happen. The Challenge Referee and the Official Timing/Scoreboard Operator who were part of this match, could also have played a role in addressing the scoring error; however, the five officials listed above had the primary responsibility to ensure the score was correct before the start of the fourth rally. Even in a case where there are not as many officials assigned to a match (i.e.: side court matches), the 1st & 2nd Referee must be checking the score after every rally to minimise the chance of this kind of scoring error. 6.1.3 21.1 23.2.3 26.2.2.1 27.2.2.1 27.2.2.2 27.2.2.4 27.2.2.6 Referee Guidelines and Instruction (Sections 21-23 and 26-27 and “Protest Protocol”) |
8.2.1 |
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| If both players from a given team cross under the net to dispute one line judge’s call, should they both be issued with a red card? |
Yes! Any player who passes under the net or its imaginary extension to review a ball mark should receive a misconduct penalty from the referee. However, at the relevant FIVB/BPT competitions, this misconduct penalty is not subject to a money fee sanction. 22.3.1.1 22.3.2.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
8.2.2 |
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| A match is stopped and delayed, because the 1st Referee broke his whistle and forgot a second one. How should the referee have prevented this problem? |
Referees should at all times carry with them a set of personal equipment including cards, a coin and whistles. Referees cannot rely on equipment always being available or working every time. They should prepare for this possibility. 22.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
8.2.3 |
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| If a ball retriever catches a ball in the field of play before the player is able to play it, should the 1st Referee call for a replay? V0 |
Yes, the referee is correct in replaying the point. It is considered in this case that the ball retriever has initiated the contact with the ball. The referees, TV staff and auxiliary officials within the free zone are considered as not causing external interference unless they initiate the contact (or threat of contact) with the player and/ or the ball. Officials contacting the ball in their normal working position do not therefore constitute interference. 17.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
8.2.4 |
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| The start of the 2nd set is delayed for around 9 minutes because after the 1st referee having issued a penalty sanction that ended the 1st set, one of the losing players became verbally abusive as he walked over to his bench. As the player continued the verbal abuse the 1st referee asked the 2nd referee to call for the TD and/or RC for help. Was this a correct action by the 1st referee? |
Unless for a valid formal protest about referees’ application or interpretation of the rules, where the RC or the TD (as applicable) would take over the responsibility of deciding the outcome of the protest, the 1st Referee directs the match from the start until the end. During the match his/her decisions are final. In this case, the 1st Referee did not assume his/ her responsibilities. Depending on the seriousness of the situation, the referee after dealing with it in due accordance to the official rules, which in fact was not done, could then have called the relevant FIVB Delegate close to the court, yet should never had come down the stand and interrupt the normal sequence of the match for discussing possible actions with the Referee Coach. Despite a Protest Protocol has not been initiated here, it must be clear that the 1st Referee is the responsible official for accepting such request by a given team, but only in the case it meets the criteria for a valid Protest. Only in that case, the concerned FIVB Delegate would follow up on such request. 22.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
8.2.5 |
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| Given the verbal abuse by one of the players after the end of the match, the 1st Referee was unsure what remarks needed to be included on the score sheet, so decided to leave it unsigned until the TD and RC met to discuss what would be recorded and they then wrote the comments and signed the score sheet on behalf of the referee. Was this correct? |
The 1st Referee is the ultimate responsible for completing and signing the scoresheet at the end of the match, including any possible reports on incidents occurred after the match. In this case, the 1st Referee did not assume his/ her duties and delegated responsibilities on the TD/RC. 22.3.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions Scoresheet Instructions |
8.3.1 |
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| If a ball touches the sand and the 1st Referee isn’t in the right position to call this ball, what should the 2nd Referee do? Click Here for Video V0 |
This should have been immediately whistled by the 2nd Referee at the time of the contact. 23.3.2.5 |
8.3.2 |
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| A serve touches the net slightly at the side of the 2nd Referee. Is he entitled to whistle for this? |
No. The ball touching the net after the service is not a fault. 12.6.2.1 23.3 |
8.3.3 |
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| At the time of the service by the opponents, the 2nd Referee is talking to the receiving team. The serving player stops until the receiving team is clearly ready despite the 1st Referee having already whistled and signaled for service. How could the 2nd Referee have prevented such a case? |
The 1st Referee must not authorize service without ensuring that the receiving team is ready to receive service. The 2nd Referee must convey such important information to the 1st Referee, that he is not ready or that the receiving team is not ready – as it would influence the decision to whistle or not for service. In this way the 1st Referee can make a final decision based on all available information. This is an aspect of cooperation from the referees. 12.3 21.2 |
8.3.4 |
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| The serving player serves from outside the extension of the sideline and the 2nd Referee whistles and indicates a fault. Is this correct? |
No. The 2nd Referee has whistled outside his/ her jurisdiction. 23.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
8.3.5 |
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| A ball passes completely the vertical plane under the net. Who should call this ball? |
According to rule 23.3.2.6, this fault is now within the jurisdiction of the 2nd Referee. Accordingly, the 1st Referee must wait for the 2nd Referee to indicate the nature of the fault and the player at fault if necessary, and then indicate the team to serve. 23.3.2.6 |
8.4.1 |
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| Player #1 serves the ball and gains a point. After some discussion the Scorer then notifies the 2nd Referee that #2 should have served the previous service. How should the referees correct this situation? |
By the serving team maintaining all its points gained and the service resuming, with #2 serving. The score sheet may need correction to recommence the match. If the wrong player is found to have served, they can only be penalized by loss of service if the Scorer (or one of the referees), had correctly notified them that they are the wrong server prior to their having served. In this case, the Scorer and the Assistant Scorer have committed an error in their procedures by not having indicated the incorrect server prior to the serving. The 2nd Referee should never stop the rally, if the scorer finds out during the rally that the wrong server was making the service. 12.2.1 12.2.2 12.3 12.6.1.1 26.2.2.2 27.2.2.1 27.2.2.2 |
8.4.2 |
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| Is a captain allowed to ask the scorer for the number of Time Outs requested by the other team? |
The Scorer should not respond to this request and should notify the 2nd Referee. Captains may only request the number of timeouts their team has used and may not do so repeatedly in order to delay the match. 15.1 16.1 26.2 |
8.5.1 |
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| If one line judge signals out and the other one signals touch, what signal should the 1st Referee take? |
The 1st Referee should have accepted the signal of both line judges regardless of the position on the court and then should make a final decision based on their signals. 28.2.1.1 28.2.1.8 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
8.5.2 |
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| If a line judge calls for a foot fault during the execution of the service and both referees are not noticing it during the rally, can a captain ask the referee to consult the line judge after the end of the rally? |
Yes, the referee should ask the line judge to repeat the signal. Additionally, it is also acceptable for the referee to speak to the line judge about the decision and request him/ her to maintain the signal for a longer time. 21.2 28.2.1.3 28.2.1.5 28.2.2 |
8.6.1 |
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| While serving, the server puts his foot under the service line, and the line judge signals this fault. What hand signal should the referee then use to show the nature of the fault? |
The 1st Referee should use signal 22 by pointing to the respective line. The referee must use this signal in order to clearly show or clarify the nature of the fault. 12.4.3 Signal 22 |
8.6.2 |
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| What is the correct order for a 2nd Referee to signal after whistling a net fault? |
When whistling a fault, the 2nd Referee should show the nature of the fault first, then, if necessary, the player at fault, and then finally wait for the 1st Referee to signal the team to serve and follow his/her signal. 21.2.3.2 21.2.3.3 |
8.6.3 |
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| If a served ball hits the server’s team mate, what would be the correct hand signal by the 1st Referee? |
The 1st Referee should signal the team to serve (signal 2), followed by signal 19 “served ball fails to pass to the opponent through crossing space”. 12.6.2.1 signals 2 and 19 |
9.1 |
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| If after a direct ace finishing the match, the 1st Referee decides to call the ball out, is the captain allowed to ask for a protest? |
The 1st Referee must first determine whether the protest is legitimate by considering the criteria under which a protest can be lodged before initiating the Protest Protocol. In this case, the 1st Referee should have refused to initiate the Protest Protocol as ball in/out is a judgment call and cannot be protested. 5.1.2.1 22.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.2 |
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| If one team is speeding up the game, and the other team wants to play at a slow pace, because of the heat, what pace should the 1st Referee enforce? |
The referees should try as much as possible to keep the pace of the match constant. Additionally, the Referees in this instance must be seen to be neutral and equitable in their handling of the pace of the match, favouring neither team and warning or penalising as appropriate. 16.1.3 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.3 |
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| During a match, one of the players of team L raced quickly after the ball and made a sensational dig as he fell over the sponsorship. The player’s extraordinary effort drew great applause from the crowd. However, the player’s contact was slightly extended and the 1st Referee blew his whistle and signaled the ball as a “Catch”? |
The referees should remember that they are not only the person who administers the match under the rules, but they allow under their guidance the promotion of the sport of Beach Volleyball. Developing the spectacular element is an important aspect of any sport’s promotion. The referee must keep a balance between applying rigidly the technical requirements of the sport with the promotional, cultural and societal aspects of a sport. It is necessary for the referee to allow this spectacular action of the game to be emphasized at the expense of its technical nature. Philosophy of Rules and Refereeing, Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.4 |
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| If a player disagrees with the scorer and the referees about who is to serve, what should the referees check? |
There are 4 boxes labeled I to IV (1-4) which correspond to the service order. The number of the player is inserted next to this box. The team that serves first will be serving # I and # III in the serving order. The other team # II and # IV. The scorer follows a regular pattern in recording the services, regardless of which team commences the service, L (left side) or R (right side). It is important that the 2nd Referee checks that the very first service of the match is recorded next to the top box # I. This will ensure that the service order is correctly initially recorded. 7.6 Score sheet Instructions |
9.5 |
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| If the hat of an attacking player falls from his/her head and is touching the top band of the net, is this considered as a fault? |
No, while the hat is considered part of the player’s uniform and therefore part of the player (who may not touch the net) this only applies if the hat is physically contacting (i.e., is on) the player. This rule would also apply to a watch, glasses, jewellery or any other equipment or accessory that the player may be wearing. 11.3.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.6 |
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| Is it allowed for the captain to ask for a protest after finishing the match, when during the match no protest was being called? |
This protest should not be accepted, as the captain at the time of the actual incident did not register formally a protest (i.e., did not request a Protest Protocol). Protests must be requested at the time of the occurrence. It may then be either referred to a Protest Protocol by the relevant FIVB Technical Delegate immediately (Level 1), or to the Organising Committee after the match (Level 2) depending on the circumstances. 5.1.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.7 |
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| A referee states to the Technical Delegate that during his match he made several misinterpretations of the rules. The teams protested against this during and after the match. What should the Technical Delegate now do? |
This situation presents a very difficult decision for the Technical Delegate. If all of the following had occurred, the TD should accept the protest of the players, hold a Protest Protocol (Level 2) and consider the possibility of replaying the match at the appropriate starting point: 1) at the time of the protest the teams correctly signified their intention to protest to the 1st Referee, who refused accepting the protest. 2) the protest was reaffirmed correctly as a Level 2 protest after the match within 20 minutes and signed by the respective captain. 3) the protest satisfies the criteria for holding a Protest Protocol (misinterpretation, etc.). 4) the 1st Referee (or other official) verifies that there was a misinterpretation, etc. (i.e., the protest is correct). 5) that the protest was material to the result of the match. 5.1.2.1 5.1.3.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.8 |
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| If the captain of a team deliberately requests a TO at the last moment or even simultaneously with the whistle for serve by the 1st Referee, should the 2nd Referee whistle? |
No, the referees should not allow the timeout even if the request for timeout was prior to the signal for service. The timing of the whistles from the respective officials determines whether the timeout signal is accepted. As the 1st Referee had already authorized service, the timeout request should not be accepted. It is the responsibility of the captain to signal for a timeout early enough so that the referee may whistle before the authorization for service. 15.5.1 |
9.9 |
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| The players of both teams switch sides when the court scoreboard reads 2:3 (Set 3). However, the Scorer points out quickly that the score is still 2:2 and so no side change should have taken place. How should the referees correct this situation? |
The teams should quickly be requested to return to their previous court sides and the match is resumed with the correct score indicated on the score sheet. 18.2.1 18.2.2 |
9.10 |
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| If a referee makes a mistake by awarding a point to one team, and the other team requests a TO before the referee changed his/her judgment call, does this TO still count? |
No, “since the referee’s decision (based on the TO request) has been changed, the team may cancel the TO request”. The time out although legally requested should now be cancelled and the players requested to return to the court. 22.2.1 |
9.11 |
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| Who has the responsibility to monitor the work of the ball retrievers? |
It is primarily the responsibility of the 1st Referee to monitor the work of the ball retrievers, however the 2nd Referee can assist with this task. 3.3 22.2.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.12 |
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| Can a Technical Delegate reverse misconduct penalties given by the 1st Referee? |
No, this is not a task or duty of the Technical Delegate. 20.1 20.3.1 22.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.13 |
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| When a referee sees a player entering the referee’s room complaining about a previous match, can the referee in the next match with the same player argue about this issue? |
No. At all times before, during and after a match a referee must behave in a professional manner. The behaviour of the player should be reported by the relevant officials and dealt with only by the Technical Delegates. Philosophy of Rules and Refereeing, Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.14 |
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| If a player running to an attack step into a deep hole in the sand, losing his/her balance to spike, should the 1st Referee call for a replay? |
No, in the case of the level of the sand being uneven, this is not considered to constitute normally a danger to the players. However, situations such as these can be prevented by the referees requiring the court to be levelled between matches and the officials monitoring the condition of the court during the match. 17.2 22.2.5 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.15 |
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| Can a 1st Referee on his/ her own decide to initiate a Protest Protocol? And can a Technical Delegate decide to replace a line judge? |
It is not up to the 1st Referee to commence a Protest Protocol before a team’s captain declares that they wish to protest. During the match, only the 1st Referee has the authority to replace members of the refereeing corps who are not performing their functions properly. 5.1.2.1 22.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.16 |
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| If a coach is transmitting information on the hand signals of the opponent team to his/her team, what should the referees do? |
The referee(s) should inform the Delegate(s) of the situation as soon as is practicable. It is desirable that this causes as little delay to the match as is possible. The Technical Delegates are then responsible for dealing with this situation. It may be required by the Technical Delegate that the match officials quickly summarize their observations (after the match). It is not possible for the referees to directly sanction coaches (as they are not participants) but if the actions of the coaches’ cause a delay to the match, a delay sanction must be applied to their team. 4.1.4 16.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.17 |
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| Can the Delegate(s) choose to view a video at some point during a Protest Protocol? |
The Protest Protocol procedures do not allow a Referee Coach at Level 1 to view video footage from an unofficial source. (No video footage from an unofficial source can be used at any level of protest). 5.1.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.18 |
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| If a player during his/her action hits a cameraman who was there for the entire match, should the referee call for a replay? |
The 1st Referee has the responsibility to judge all areas of external interference including members of the auxiliary corps, spectators and other objects /persons (Rules 17.2, and 17.3). All personnel in the playing area (members of the refereeing crew, auxiliary corps, etc.) as well as court competition equipment, (i.e.: TV cameras, microphones, etc.) whose or which presence inside the free zone has been authorized before the start of the match, cannot be considered as creating external interference, unless: 1) there is a significant alteration to their initial position (e.g., net camera falls during play) 2) or there is a deliberate movement towards the player who is in the action of playing the ball (e.g., a ball retriever runs towards the ball or rolls the ball during play affecting the playing action of the player.) Accordingly, the decision of the 1st Referee will be based on the fact that the cameraman was in a stationary position close to the court, or there was significant alteration to his initial position or deliberate movement towards the player who was in the action of playing the ball. 5.1.2.1 17.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.19 |
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| During a Time Out, while the player sitting on the team bench and trying to drink, he was stitched by a wasp in the lip, and then while trying to push it away the wasp stitched him on the finger. How should the referees treat this medical assistance protocol? |
The Referees should be aware of the circumstances leading up to the injury/illness as they are responsible to establish its nature and extent (if minor or significant). In this case, there is a penetration of the skin despite the bleeding is not visible, so in case the treatment cannot be completed during the TO, or the case is more significant and so a medical assistance protocol is authorized by the 1st referee, then it should be judged as MTO. This could also be also the case for example of a player bleeding internally in the mouth cavity from cutting the tongue or the inside of the lip. 17.1.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
9.20 |
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| What should the referee do, if, during play the ball hits, at less than 12.5 metres above the playing surface a tree branch hanging over the free zone? |
Should there be a tree branch hanging over the free zone on a court at a tournament, ideally, a clear ruling for dealing with possible interference cases should be shared by the Tournament Director with all players, coaches and officials before the start of the tournament, so that everyone is clearly aware of what the decision would be if a ball hits the branch, and this would be that the 1st Referee would consider the following possible situations: 1) had the dig been misdirected towards the spectators, with no player able to play it, the referee will not judge this as external interference but ball OUT; 2) conversely, if after the ball being hit by the defensive player there would be a chance of the ball being recovered, or if the ball, after the third hit of the team hit the tree when traveling into the opponent’s court, the referee would judge this as external interference and call a REPLAY. 17.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
10.1 |
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| Before the match, the two teams are warming up in the same colour of uniform. Is there any responsibility from the scorer in checking the team’s playing uniforms? |
The scorer and the assistant scorer should check all aspects of a team’s uniform prior to the match especially during the official warm up time. This includes the scorer checking that the correct players are wearing the correct uniform numbers 1 and 2 as listed on the score sheet, and that the assistant scorer checks that the colours and the player numbers displayed on the scoreboards are in line with the players’ uniforms and the score sheet. Any concerns should immediately be conveyed to the referees. 4.3 26.2.1.1 27.2.1.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
10.2 |
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| What should the scorer do, if he/she finds out that two players are wearing numbers not corresponding the ones on the score sheet? |
This should be corrected by the players changing quickly one or a combination of the uniforms. No penalty shall apply. The scorer is specifically required to check that the player’s name and uniform number matches. The captain, by signing the score sheet is verifying that the team’s recorded details are correct. 5.1.1 7.7.2 26.2.1 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
10.3 |
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| What should the scorer do if a team captain walks away from the court directly after the match without having signed the score sheet? |
When the referees approach the scorer’s table to verify the match score sheet, the scorer should immediately inform the referees that they have not received the captain’s signature on the score sheet. It is the scorer’s responsibility to complete the score sheet except for the official’s signatures and in some cases the remarks section. 5.1.3.1 26.2.3.3 Score sheet Instructions |
10.4 |
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| What procedures should the scorer follow to record on the score sheet a default resulting from a medical injury? |
The scorer should complete the match with a 21- 0, 21-0 (2-0) result, including collecting the Pre- match / Post Match signatures, match result at Results box and set score at Team – Points row for sets 1 and 2 (0-21 crossed off and circled in both sets), etc. As instructed by the 1st Referee, the scorer should write in the remarks section information before this and the final result is verified and signed by the referees. 6.4 26.2.2.7 Score sheet Instructions |
10.5 |
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| The teams finish their official warm up and enter the court to start their match. Player #1 for team L goes to the serving position. The scorer immediately draws the referee’s attention to the fact that the score sheet states that the first server should be #2. What should the scorer now do? |
The scorer should wait until the referees have finished determining if there is the possibility of an error in the communication of the service order. If the 1st Referee authorises the #1 player of team L to serve, the scorer should just change team L’s service order box. However, if the #2 player is made to serve, no change to the score sheet is necessary. The scorer is correct in informing the officials and players of this problem but they cannot insist the players change server. This is the responsibility of the referees. 7.7.2 22.2.1 22.3.1.2 26.2.1.1 26.2.2.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
10.6 |
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| After winning the coin toss the captain of Team R returns to the court to determine the side. After signing the score sheet, he didn’t inform the scorer about his/her choice. What should the scorer do to ensure that this information is received? |
The scorer should be active in obtaining the decision for court and service order from team R. If neither the referees nor team have conveyed the decision to the scorer after 1 minute, the referees (usually 2nd Referee) should be informed of this. 7.1 26.2.1.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions Score sheet Instructions |
10.7 |
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| The captain of team L, at the end of the R team’s timeout, requests a timeout. What procedure should the scorers follow now? |
The scorer should initially verify which team called the time out and then record it in the appropriate box. While the teams are at their designated chairs the scorer should indicate to the 2nd Referee the team’s respective number of time outs used (both one). In this case no more timeouts are allowed. This would then be communicated by the 2nd Referee, not the scorer, to the 1st Referee and to the teams at the end of the timeout. 23.2.6 26.2.2.3 |
10.8 |
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| What should the scorer do if the 1st Referee gives a second delay warning in the set or match? |
Delay warnings are recorded on the score sheet so the scorer should immediately notify the 1st Referee (via the 2nd Referee) of this error. 16.2.1 26.2 |
10.9 |
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| Is it allowed for the player to wipe his/her head and/or arms with the small towel hanging at the net pole, which is foreseen as a towel to clean the spectacles of the players? |
No, this is not allowed. The 1st Referee should consider this as intentional delay of the game and should give the player a delay sanction. Scorers must carefully check as to whether the team has received a verbal warning or a delay warning. If the scorer is unsure, he/ she should always check with the referees. 16.2 26.2.2.6 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
10.10 |
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| What should a scorer do if a player after being injured leaves the court, going to the medical staff area, and doesn’t return after 5 minutes? |
It is important that the scorer records 2 sets of times: 1) when did the 1st Referee whistle for initiating the “Medical Assistance” protocol? 2) when did the 1st Referee whistle for ending the “Medical Assistance” protocol? (After the maximum authorized 5 minutes, or immediately after treatment is declared complete by the official medical personnel, or if no treatment can be provided, or when the player declares that he/she is ready to resume play). Additionally, the scorer should record in the remarks section the current score and the team and player serving at the time the referee stopped the match due to the injury. The scorer should record sufficient details to potentially enable the match to be recommenced in exactly the same position or for a Delegate to clearly calculate the duration of any stoppage. It is the responsibility of the 1st Referee and the Delegate to record the reasons for the decision to declare the team incomplete in the remarks section of the score sheet. 6.4.3 17.1 23.2.7 26.2.2.7 Ref Guidelines and Instructions Score sheet Instructions |
10.11 |
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| If there is a small blood injury, is the player allowed to quickly clean and bandage the cut? Should the scorer record any remarks about this short delay? |
The referees will allow a short time to be used by the player to correct this problem. No, the scorer should not record anything on the score sheet, as no delay or “Medical TO” occurred. Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
10.12 |
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| The 1st Referee began the match with a delay warning. How would this be recorded on the score sheet? |
The scorer should record the time the match started after the delay (e.g., 09: 02) in the 1st set start time box. Then, the team concerned must have recorded in its Delay sanction box the score of 0:0. Nothing should be written at this time in the remarks section of the score sheet. 26.2.2.6 Score sheet Instructions |
10.13 |
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| A team asks for the Technical Delegate to check the lack of light. The Technical Delegate stops the game and the match will start again the next morning with the score 0-0. How should the scorer record details of this decision? |
The scorer should not change any part of the score sheet except for recording in the remarks section of the score sheet, the exact time, current score and the team and player serving at the time the referee stopped the match due to lack of light. These same details should be recorded each time a match is stopped due to such events as rain, light or wind. The scorer should record sufficient details to potentially enable the match to be recommenced in exactly the same position or for a Technical Delegate to clearly calculate the duration of any stoppage. It is the responsibility of the 1st Referee and the Technical Delegate to record the reasons for the decision to stop play and then recommence the next day, in the remarks section of the score sheet. 17.3 26.2.2.7 Referee Guidelines and Instructions Score sheet Instructions |
10.14 |
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| The 1st Referee first gives a verbal warning to the team through the captain, and later shows a yellow card to one o f t he players in the team repeating the minor misconduct. How should the scorer record these warnings to the players? |
Verbal warnings given by the 1st Referee are not recorded on the score sheet. Only the misconduct formal warning later issued by the referee through the use of the yellow card will then be recorded at the appropriate box by the scorer. 20.1 Score sheet Instructions |
10.15 |
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| When a player receives a verbal warning and a yellow card in the 1st Set and in the following set receives a misconduct penalty, what additional action does a scorer need to do in the beginning of the 2nd Set? |
The scorer should record the misconduct formal warning on the score sheet at the appropriate boxes for Set 1. Then, before the start of the 2nd Set, the scorer should cross off the formal warning boxes for that team. In set 2 the scorer should directly record the penalty at the respective player’s misconduct sanctions first penalty box for that set. 20.1 20.2 20.3 Score sheet Instructions |
10.16 |
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| If the 1st Referee gives a red card (misconduct penalty) for rude conduct, where should the scorer record this on the score sheet? |
This should be recorded in the misconduct sanctions section of the score sheet in the box corresponding to the penalized player. The score at the time of the penalty (not after) should be entered, a n d as there is an extra point scored it should be circled in the point’s row. The scorer must signal to the referees when he/she has finished recording the details of this sanction. At the end of the game, this offence must be recorded accurately in the remarks section of the score sheet, while clearly identifying the nature (type) of the offence in accordance with the “Misconduct sanction fee scale” description. 20.3.1 Score sheet Instructions |
10.17 |
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| In a match, a player receives a misconduct penalty for rude conduct. Later in the same set the same player is penalized again for rude conduct. What should the scorer do in this situation? |
The scorer should fill in the penalty at the respective player’s second misconduct sanctions penalty box for that set, and inform the 2nd Referee that the player has reached his limit for misconduct penalties in that set. 20.3.1 Score sheet Instructions |
10.18 |
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| During a match, a player pulled the net with such force that it broke a post holding the net. The match was subsequently restarted on another court with the same score after a 1-hour delay and a misconduct penalty to the offending player. How would the scorer record the 1-hour delay on the score sheet? |
The scorer should not change any part of the score sheet except for recording in the remarks section of the score sheet the exact time when the referee stopped the match due to net system failure, the current score - and due to the misconduct penalty, the opponent team will serve and gain one point extra. He / she should later record again at the remarks’ section of the score sheet, the exact time the match recommenced and the new court. These remarks should contain sufficient details for a Technical Delegate to clearly calculate the duration of any stoppage. It is the responsibility of the 1st Referee and Technical Delegate to record the reasons for the decision to stop play and then recommence on another court on the score sheet (remarks section). 17.3 Score sheet Instructions |
10.19 |
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| After the 1st Referee issues a misconduct penalty between two sets, what action should the scorer apply? |
The 1st Referee must apply the sanction at the start of the next set. After showing the red card to the relevant player, he/she must then show the other team to serve. If the team which was sanctioned with the penalty was to serve, the opponents get the right to serve and must rotate one position. If the team which was sanctioned with the penalty was receiving, the opponents will receive 1 point and keep the service order. This should be recorded by the scorer, as appropriate, including the fact that at the point’s row, this point should be circled because it came from a penalty. In addition to this the scorer should record the sanction at the appropriate player’s misconduct sanctions penalty box for the third set, with the score 0:0 At the end of the game, this offence must be recorded accurately in the remarks section of the score sheet, clearly identifying the nature (type) of the offence in accordance to the “Misconduct sanction fee scale” description. 20.3.1 20.4 Score sheet Instructions |
10.20 |
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| If after receiving a misconduct penalty a player disagreeing with the referee’s decision, tears his/her uniform in anger and the 1st Referee considers this as a rude conduct, how should the scorer record this? |
The scorer should cross off the both points in the respective Team-Points row. As each of these points was gained by a penalty they should additionally be circled. The recording of both offences in the remarks section of the score sheet must be written accurately while clearly identifying the nature (type) of each of the offences in accordance to the “Misconduct sanction fee scale” description. 20.3.1 Score sheet Instructions |
10.21 |
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| If a player, after the match has been completed by the 1st Referee, gets upset and removes the padding from the post and tears the court number off the referee’s stand, how should this action - although it occurs after the completion of the match - be recorded on the score sheet? |
The scorer does not make the decision about whether to let a player or referee write in the remarks section of the score sheet. This is the responsibility of the referees and Technical Delegate. The 1st Referee should use the remarks section to record information about this problem even after the match has been completed and the result verified. 20.4 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
10.22 |
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| Player #1 serves the ball and gains a point. After some discussion the scorer then notifies the 2nd Referee that #2 should have served the previous service. What is the next step for the scorer? |
To ensure that the serving team maintains all its points gained, and the service resumes with #2 serving. The score sheet may need correction to recommence the match. If an incorrect player is found to have served, they can only be penalized by loss of service if the scorer (or one of the referees), had correctly notified them that he / she is an incorrect server, prior to them serving. In this case the scorer and the assistant scorer have committed an error in their procedures by not having indicated the incorrect server prior to the service hit. The 2nd Referee should never stop the rally if the scorer finds out during the rally, that the wrong server was making the service 12.2.1 12.2.2 12.3 12.6.1.1 26.2.2.2 27.2.2.1 27.2.2.2 |
10.23 |
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| What is the correct response from the scorer, if a captain asks the number of Time Outs of the opposite team? |
The scorer should not respond to this request but should notify the 2nd Referee who should ask the teams to resume the match. 15.1 16.1 26.2 |
10.24 |
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| If a player disagrees with the scorer and the referees about who is to serve, what should the scorer check? |
The score sheet is designed to allow the service order to be checked easily. There are 4 boxes labeled I to IV (1-4) which corresponds to the service order. The number of the player is inserted next to this box. The team that serves first will be serving #I and #III in the serving order. The other team #II and #IV. The scorer follows a regular pattern in recording the services, regardless of which team commences the service, L (left side) or R (right side). It is important that the 2nd Referee checks that the very first service of the match is recorded next to the top box # I. This will ensure that the service order is correctly recorded in the first instance. 26.2.2.2 Score sheet Instructions |
10.25 |
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| If the captain, after finishing the match, asks to write a protest on the score sheet, when during the match no protest was being called, should the scorer allow the recording of this protest? |
No. The scorer can only permit the captain concerned to write a statement on the incident being protested with the authorization of the 1st Referee. 26.2.3.2 Referee Guidelines and Instructions |
10.26 |
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| The players of both teams switch sides when the court scoreboard reads 2:3 (Set 3). However, the scorer points out quickly that the score is still 2:2 and so no side change should have taken place. What techniques should a scorer use to prevent this error? |
The scorer should always announce point to switch to the 2nd Referee (e.g., 2:2) and then announce side switch (e.g., 3:2). Referees should appropriately acknowledge both of these announcements from the scorer. In this case the scorer was correct in quickly correcting the incorrect side switch so as to avoid a long delay to the match. 18.2.1 26.2.2.5 |
10.27 |
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| If a referee makes a mistake awarding a point to one team, and the other team requests a TO before the referee changes his judgment call, the TO is then cancelled. In this case what should the scorer do? |
The scorer should cancel the recording of the time out and correct the score row and service order boxes. 22.2.1 26.2.2.1 26.2.2.2 26.2.2.3 |
10.28 |
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| After being treated for 5 minutes during a Medical Time Out, the player is declared unable to continue. What steps should the scorer take to record all the circumstances of this medical injury? |
It is important that the scorer records 2 sets of times: 1) when did the 1st referee initiate the protocol? 2) when did the play resume, or in this specific circumstance, when was the team declared incomplete? This recording should be done in hours / minutes / seconds. Additionally, the scorer should record sufficient details to allow him/ her to complete the score sheet in case the team is declared incomplete. 6.4.3 7.1.2.3 17.1 23.2.7 23.3.1 26.2.1 26.2.2.7 Scoresheet Instructions |
10.29 |
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| After the Scorer having started the match and completed the first set with the use of the paper scoresheet, the “VolleyStation” operator replicated all relevant data at the e-scoresheet, i.e.: score, rotations, TOs, TTO, plus court switches, etc., with then the Scorer keep completing the match at the e-scoresheet. Should the e-scoresheet of the match be considered a valid official document? Antennae Attack Hit Ball mark Ball Mark Protocol Between rallies Cap / Hat Coin Toss Court Lines (boundary lines) Court Manager Court switches (side changes) Cover up a fault Crossing space Default Defensive player (defending player) Designated chairs Diagonals (Long / Short) Double fault (replay) External space Extension of sideline First hit of the team - - - Foot fault Forbidden object Free Zone Hard driven ball Hoses Ice box (ice chest) Illegal server Incidental contact Incomplete team Interference Improper requests Joust Protest Protocol Jump Serve Levelling the sand/ Raking Line judges Lower space (under net) Match format Measuring rod (stick or pole) Medical Assistance protocols Metal fastening devices Momentarily overhand with fingers / beach dig / defence Misconduct sanction fee scale Nature of the fault Net Net area Normal playing conditions Number paddles Offensive player (attacking player) Overhand finger action Padding Perpendicular trajectory Player’s uniforms Playing Court Point of contact (instant of contact) Protocol Protest (see Protest Protocol) Rain Rally Replay (tie ball) Roll shot Rubber booties (sand-shoes / socks) Sand Sand Anchors Sand Levellers (rakers) Screen Service order Service Zone Service reception positions Spike Sun (sunlight / light) Sunglasses FIVB Delegates Tarp Technical Timeout Time of contact Timeout Tip / Dink Toss Towels Umbrella Warm up Period (official warm up) Water bucket Watering the Court Wind |
It is the responsibility of the 2nd referee to monitor the work of the Scorer. The 2nd referee should have been aware of the situation, and have prevented that the Scorer abandoned the filling in of the paper scoresheet in the middle of the process, as this is the only document for that match that, if complete, can be taken as the official document of the match. Trying to reproduce, not in the real time the data at the e-scoresheet for an entire set, is inaccurate as it is impossible to reproduce the exact and real timings of the match. 23.2.3 23.3.1 26.2 Scoresheet Instructions A flexible rod 1.8m in length placed vertically and above the outer edge of the sidelines to mark the outer limit of the crossing space. The antennae are placed on opposite sides of the net. The ball must cross the net completely between the 2 antennae to be considered “in”. Contrasting 10cm coloured strips are used to 80cm height above net. The action of directing the ball into the opponent’s court. Serving is not considered an attack hit. Considered completed when the ball completely crosses the vertical plane of the net or touches a block. The disturbance or movement of the sand created on the court surface by the contact of the ball with the sand. This mark may be checked to determine if the ball is “in” or “out”. A procedure initiated either by request of one of the members in the Team or by the 1st Referee for establishing whether the ball has landed in or out of the playing court. Conducted as per the FIVB Ball Mark Protocol procedures. The time between the whistle for completion of a rally and the whistle for service authorization. Under normal circumstances this is a maximum of 12 seconds. Apparel worn on the player’s head. Considered as part of player’s uniform when physically on the player. Some aspects are governed by FIVB regulations. The action of the 1st Referee prior to the match of requesting the captains of each team to come to an area in front of the scorer’s table. This process determines the team to serve the starting side of the court for each team and player service orders. These lines delimit the playing court. They are made of resistant material contrast in colour to the sand and are 5-8 cm wide. The ball must physically contact the line to be considered as “in”. Tournament official responsible for maintaining the court and equipment to the specified technical requirements for the tournament. The interval in which the teams change their sides of the playing court. Occurs every 7 points (Sets 1 and 2) and 5 points (3rd Set). A misconduct where a player acts deliberately so that an official will not be able to ascertain a fault (i.e. they obscure the fault from the officials) e.g. removing a ball mark. The area above the net and inside the antennas (and their imaginary extension upward) through which the ball must pass (by the attacking team) completely for play to continue legally by the defending team. This area does not include external and lower spaces. Play in some cases may continue even if the ball crosses the net outside the crossing space as long as the team can retrieve the ball and play it legally within its 3 hits through the crossing space. Where a team is unable to commence the match legally with its players. It forfeits the match and gains no points. The player(s) from the team who currently have not committed the last contact. The player(s) on the opposite side of the court to the ball. The chairs allocated to each team for its use during match protocol and intervals. Located 3-5 metres from the scorers’ table. Each team uses the same chairs for the entire match. Usually separate and non-metal in construction. The distance diagonally across the corners of the rectangular shaped 16x8m playing court (long) or across from one corner to the corner immediately under the net (short) of one side of the playing court (8x8m). Two faults occurring at the same time. Results in a replay (the same person serving again with no point scored). The imaginary area outside the antennas and also not below the bottom of the net between the net poles. The area not including the Crossing and lower spaces. The imaginary line extended from the 2 sidelines in a straight line from the corners until the edge of the free zone. A service must be completed from within the area delimited by these imaginary lines. There are three cases when the playing action is considered first hit of the team: Service reception Receiving an attack of the opponent team Playing the ball rebounding from opponent’s block The illegal action of a player who at the time of serving or jumping to serve contacts the line has their foot under the line or their foot contacts the playing court. A player’s personal apparel item that may cause injury or give advantage to that or another player. May include jewellery glasses and plaster casts. The area outside the playing court but inside the panels signage etc which delimits the outer edges of the free zone. An attack hit that is travelling with sufficient speed (quickly) and over distance such that the defending player has time to only play the ball in an uncontrolled (reflexive) defensive manner. The time and distance of the balls trajectory (speed of the ball) does not allow the player to substantially control or alter their techniques for receiving the ball. The devices used to spread water on the playing court and free zone to reduce the surface temperature of the sand. Located near the outside of the free zone. Item of equipment located in or near players designated area for storage of liquids or ice for use by players and / or officials. When a player serves contrary to the service order recorded on the score sheet and advice of the scorer. The other team gains the right to serve and a point. Contact by a player with an opponent that did not have an effect on that player’s ability to complete a subsequent play on the ball freely. When a team commences but is unable to legally complete a match with its two players i.e. due to injury - the other team would then gain enough points to complete the match. When a player through physical contact or threat of contact prevents an opponent from a potential play on the ball. It may be the next shot or a subsequent shot. When a player requests an interruption to the match that is not legal. For example asking for a Timeout after the referee has authorized service. Two players simultaneously contacting the ball with open fingers/ hands above the height of the net and there is an extended contact with the ball. The formal process under the control of the Technical Delegate(s) in which the validity of a team’s Protest is considered. This may occur during or after a match. Applied under FIVB Protest Protocol Regulations. The action of a serving player who at the time of the service is not in contact with the ground. The action of jumping must commence legally from within the service zone but on landing may contact any part of the playing court or free zone. The process of flattening or levelling the playing court and its immediate surrounding area. This is usually done prior to the match commencing. Auxiliary officials responsible for assisting the referees in determining faults esp. ball “in” “out” “touched” or passing to opponent court outside the crossing space. Either 2 or 4 people can be used situated at corners of the court. The area below the bottom of the net between the net posts. The area not including the Crossing and External spaces. Determines the structure of the match sets. Format for FIVB competition is best of 3 sets the first 2 being played to 21 (with 2 point advantage) and the 3rd set to 15 (with a 2 point advantage) both with no maximum score. A device for measuring the height of the net. Indicative marks are present for all net heights. It should be kept near to the scorer’s table. The FIVB regulations controlling the circumstance of a player being injured. Applied under “Medical Time Out” (MTO) and “Recovery Interruption” (RIT). An illegal method of securing the lines under the sand. Fastening devices must be of soft flexible material. A playing action (receiving a ball) that may be legally used if the ball is hard driven. Players are allowed legally to have contact with the ball when played overhand which is of slightly extended duration than is usually allowed. The hands must be held with fingers up i.e. not inverted to point downwards. Beach Pro Tour specific regulation establishing the fines to be issued in case players abuse court equipment or officials (this is to be enforced in due accordance to sanctions issued by the 1st referee during the match). What type of error has occurred or what has happened. The referee may signal what has happened e.g. ball in. The piece of equipment consisting of many small square meshes hung between two posts that separate the two sides of the court. Dimensions are 8.5 x 1 metre. The area immediately below the bottom of the net between the posts. It consists of the playing surface and imaginary space above it. Playing conditions which are free from external interference from weather (e.g. wind rain). Generally based on whether players can accurately hand set the ball. The equipment used by the scorer to indicate the player to serve next (i.e. service order of the team now serving). Located on Scorer’s Table. #1 and #2 The player(s) from the team who currently have committed the last contact. The player(s) on the same side of the court as the ball. The playing action of setting the ball or passing the ball with 2 hands fingers spread contacting the ball. It is not legal to catch and throw the ball with underhand finger action (i.e.: wrists inverted). Protective equipment located on the net posts and referee’s chair for the protection of the players. A ball that travels in a straight line from the player’s shoulders either forwards or backwards. The player’s position at the time of first contact determines the trajectory the ball should legally follow. The player’s personnel apparel covering the body. Includes shirt shorts and optional cap. Applied under FIVB Uniform regulations. The area bounded by the court lines. A rectangle measuring 16 x 8 metres. The lines are included in this area and the ball is therefore considered “in” if it touches the line. The moment that a player first contacts the ball. Initial contact time or time of contacting. The series of events before the start of the match including the toss the warming-up session presentation of the teams and referees described in the Specific Competition Handbook. The action of requesting a Protest Protocol. Made if a player wishes to formally question a decision of a referee. Applied under FIVB Protest Protocol Regulations. Weather condition involving moisture or precipitation. If strong and normal playing conditions are not possible may result in play being suspended. The time that the ball is legally in play from the contact with the ball by the server to the time of a fault by either team or when the ball hits the ground. When the referee authorises a service to be made again with no point or side- out being made to either team. This could be as a result of e.g.: simultaneous fault incorrect decision or external interference. Legal technique using rigid closed fingers in an overhead single hand action to complete an attack hit. Usually travels a short distance into the opponent’s court. Personal player’s equipment for protection of their feet. Usually used if sand is too hot / cold or player is injured. Requires the referee’s permission before use. The material composing the court surface. Must be flat uniform and safe for participants and at least 40cm in depth. The device which secures the lines by use of a cord to the court surface (50 cm below the ground minimum). Material must be soft and flexible. Auxiliary officials responsible for keeping the court surface in good condition. The action of preventing the player(s) receiving service from having a clear and unobstructed view of the serving player. A screen is illegal. The order in which players can legally serve. Recorded on the score sheet after the coin toss has been made. Must be maintained throughout the match. The area in which the player serves the ball. Bounded by the base (back line) the extension of the two sidelines and the outside of the free zone (usually delimited by panels). The positions that the team receiving service adopts prior to the referee authorizing service. Usually in the middle of each side of the playing court. The play action of jumping and striking with one hand the ball as an attack hit. Weather condition essential for play. Light must be a minimum of 1000 Lux. Player’s personnel equipment for protection from weather and sand in the eyes. Official(s) with responsibility to run the tournament. Two types (Jobs defined by FIVB Beach Volleyball Handbook): - Technical Delegate (responsibility for technical matters) - Refereeing Coach (responsibility for refereeing matters). A large material cover for protecting the surface of the court from weather conditions. Usually 16 x 8 m minimum size. An official 30 second interruption to the match that occurs in sets 1 and 2 when the sum of both team’s points is 21. The duration that the ball was in contact with a player’s hands in completing a shot. A 30-second match interval requested by a player. Maximum of 1 per set per team and must be approved by the officials. Illegal technique using open fingers (spread fingertips) to complete an attack hit. The action of releasing the ball from the players hands in the service zone with the intention of hitting a service. Equipment used by players for drying or cleaning their body. Equipment used by officials for drying or cleaning the match balls. Comes in various sizes. Equipment for protection from the weather esp. sun. Located in players’ designated areas and behind the scorer’s table. The time before the match officially allocated for teams to prepare on the court for the match. Commences at the whistle (signal) of the 1st Referee after the signing of the score sheet. Applied under FIVB Protocol regulations. Equipment used for storage of water. May be used in case of injury or for court watering. The action of spreading water over the playing court and free zone for the purpose of lowering the surface temperate of the sand. Usually done prior to the start of the match. Weather condition. Strength should be low enough to enable normal playing conditions. |
5 |
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| period (Medical Assistance) |
The maximum time allowed for a player to recover from an injury. Controlled by the 1st Referee. Applied under FIVB “Medical Assistance” protocols (MTO and RIT). |